This article explores the fascinating world of Old English language words. If you’re curious about the influence of the Norse on the English language, don’t miss our comprehensive guide on A List of English Words from Old Norse.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest form of the English language. Spoken in England and southern Scotland from the 5th century to the mid-12th century, Old English is the linguistic ancestor of modern English.
Many Old English words have fascinating meanings and stories, and some have evolved into the words we use today.
This blog post explores the roots of Old English, shares a list of intriguing Old English words, discusses why learning about them is valuable, and answers frequently asked questions about the Old English language.
Let’s start by understanding the roots of modern English!
Old English: Exploring the Roots of Modern English
Old English was a West Germanic language that developed as early settlers from the Anglo-Saxon regions of Europe arrived in Britain.
The language was influenced by Norse during Viking invasions and later by Norman French, resulting in the English we know today.
Although Old English may seem unfamiliar at first glance, its essence survives in countless modern words and expressions.
Old English was rich in vocabulary and grammar, often using inflections to indicate case, gender, and tense. It was the language of epic poems like Beowulf and expressed a deep connection to nature, spirituality, and everyday life.
List of 20 Old English Language Words
Here are some examples of Old English language words, along with their meanings:
- Bedswerver: An adulterer or someone who cheats on their partner.
- Besmirch: To tarnish or damage someone’s reputation.
- Crapulous: Feeling sick due to excessive eating or drinking.
- Cyning: The Old English word for “king.”
- Friend: Surprisingly, this word has remained largely unchanged and comes from the Old English “fríend,” meaning a person one loves or cares for.
- Rawgabbit: Someone who speaks on topics they know little about.
- Cockalorum: A boastful or self-important person.
- Elflock: Tangled hair that is supposedly caused by mischievous elves.
- Fudgel: Pretending to work when you are not doing anything productive.
- Good: Derived from the Old English “gōd.”
- Hagride: To torment or haunt.
- Oft: Meaning “often,” a word still in occasional use today.
- Hús: The Old English word for “house.”
- Brēad: The Old English term for “bread,” still recognizable in modern English.
- Morgen: Meaning “morning,” a word that reflects daily life.
- Eorþe: The Old English term for “earth.”
- Niht: The precursor to the modern word “night.”
- Wæter: The Old English word for “water.”
- Sǣ: Meaning “sea,” showing a connection to nature and geography.
- Steorra: The Old English word for “star.”
Why Learn About Old English Words?
Understanding Old English words provides a fascinating window into the history of the English language. Here are a few reasons to explore them:
- Connect with History: Old English reveals how people thought, spoke, and interacted centuries ago.
- Expand Your Vocabulary: Many unique and evocative words from Old English can inspire modern usage or creative writing.
- Appreciate Language Evolution: Learning about Old English highlights the dynamic nature of languages and the influences that shape them over time.
- Cultural Insight: These words reflect the values, daily lives, and beliefs of early English-speaking communities.
FAQs about Old English Language Words
Which Words Come from Old English?
Common words like “house,” “bread,” “water,” “earth,” and “night” have Old English origins.
What Are Some Examples of Old English Words?
Words like “bedswerver,” “cyning,” and “oft” are examples of Old English words, showcasing a range of meanings and uses.
What Are Old English Words for Speak?
Secgan: To say or tell.
Mælan: To speak formally or ceremonially.
Sprecan: To converse, which evolved into “speak.”
How Do You Say Hello in Old English?
The word “Hál” (health or happiness) was used for greetings. A common phrase was “Hál wes þū!” (Be well!).
How Do You Say “Sorry” in Old English?
The word “sorg” expressed sorrow or distress, while “forgifan” (to forgive) was often used in apologies.
Conclusion
Old English may seem like an ancient relic, but its influence is still felt in the words we use today. From terms like “friend” and “good” that remain virtually unchanged, to poetic and evocative words like “elflock” and “fudgel,” Old English enriches our understanding of language.